Thursday, October 31, 2019

Business Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business Structures - Essay Example disadvantages associated with this business structure is that the owner of the business is solely liable for paying of all the debts and if the business goes bankrupt then the assets owned by the owner are liquidated to repay those who have provided loan to the business. Furthermore, the owner of the business has to take all the decisions and he/she may not have the required expertise to look after all the technicalities of a business. Partnerships are those businesses that are owned and controlled by a small group of individuals who join hands together to form a business (Kaplan, 2010). The maximum number of partners involved in such a business is 20 individuals and such businesses are mostly operated by family members. The benefits of such a business structure are that more people are there to look after the business which helps in indulging more brains in a business. The partners of the business can add more money to the business for its expansion and operations. This form of business provides the business with tax savings since the profits are distributed amongst partners. The disadvantages associated with this form of the business is that if the business goes bankrupt then all the assets owned by all the partners are liquidated to pay of the of the money owed by the business. Disagreements can take place between partners that may lead to disbandment of the business. One partner cannot quite the business or a new partner cannot be added to the partnership without the agreement of other partners. Corporations are large organizations that are registered with the securities and exchange commission of a region and this allows them to be publically listed on a stock exchange (Kaplan, 2010). The benefits of such a business structure are that the owners of the business experience limited liability. This means that if the business experiences bankruptcy, then the only assets they lose is the amount of money they have invested in the business. Another benefit is that

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Essay The manner in which an organization handles its employees at the place of work is important as it determines its success rating (Deckop, 2006). This is because human resources constitute any organization’s most valuable assets. Among other issues, priority ought to be given to ethical and legal issues when dealing with employees. Complaints and general problems ought to be handled carefully, and in accordance with the legal and ethical provisions. As such, human resource managers ought to be well versed with employment and workplace laws; but need to use their discretion to act ethically when dealing with people. This is because what is ethical does not always mean it is legal (Deckop, 2006). The Ideal Legal and Ethical Hiring Practices There are federal laws that govern hiring of staff by organizations. For Greenhill Memorial Hospital, the conflict between Brad and his supervisor can be resolved by a careful examination of the ideal legal and ethical practices of hiring. The first area of interest as far as legal issues are concerned is that it is illegal to discriminate anyone during the hiring process (Querin, 2009) As such, should Brad’s claims that he is being discriminated against on the basis of his gender and sexual orientation be confirmed as true, then his supervisor is liable for criminal charges. This is in accordance with the provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act which prohibits discrimination based on color, race, sex, religion, and nationality (Guerin, 2009). It is therefore critical that Brad is given a fair chance during the selection process. Another legal requirement when hiring staff is that there ought to be a blend of different people as opposed to a homogenous workforce (Guerin, 2009). The law, on this basis, requires that hiring companies make advertisements for the vacancies they have and carry out a fair selection process based not only on qualifications but also on the need for maintaining a heterogeneous workforce. The organization is then expected to maintain a record of all the applicants for a given position, the number of those who qualified and those who failed, as well as the reasons for their failure (Guerin, 2009). This helps to ensure that the process is fair and legal. There has to be no focus on specific attributes of the person in making such advertisements except that the need for the applicant to be qualified. That is why the hiring agency is required to give reasons for rejecting certain applicants; and their personal details also ought to be made available. For instance, if indeed a friend to Brad’s supervisor is hired eventually, the supervisor, in the event of an investigation, will be required to give the reasons why the friend was hired as opposed to the others who interviewed for the position. In this case, Brad ought to submit an application for the job and wait for the results of the application. In the event he fails to get the job, he has the right to file formal complaints to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) that is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that there is no form of discrimination at the workplace based on issues like age, gender, disability, race, among others. In the event that there are threats to Brad as he claims, then another agency, individual, or organization can file the claims on his behalf so that the hiring process can be investigated. If the claims are investigated and found to be true, Brad can be compensated in different ways, including being hired for the job. Ethically, it is unethical for Brad’s supervisor to inform staff under her of a vacancy when actually she has already filled it up (Deckop, 2006). Even more unethical is that she has filled it up with her own friend. It is also unethical for her to fail to let Brad, who has worked in the job for twelve years and is obviously better qualified, to have the job. Even more unethical is the fact that Brad is really in need of a morning shift job as he is going to have to give up his evening shift job because of his other commitments. Obviously, any ethical supervisor would view his case as a deserving one (Deckop, 2006). However, legal issues ought to always be given priority over ethical ones (Deckop, 2006). For instance, there has to be proof that no-one else is qualified for the job before Brad can be considered on ethical grounds. The law usually does not use ethics to determine the due process. Ethics remains the preserve of the individual people dealing with the process and cannot be cited in legal proceedings (Deckop, 2006). Brad also ought to understand that he is not supposed to make allegations based on rumors only. He also has to understand that he has the legal right to complain to her boss about work-related problems without fear of being dismissed or punished. Ensuring Legal Hiring As the HR manager to whom this case has been reported, I would first ask the supervisor to make available to staff under her the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s rules and provisions for hiring so that they can be better placed to understand their legal rights on hiring, discrimination, and dismissal (Guerin, 2009). Then I would require that the supervisor advertises the job in accordance with those provisions. A key issue is that superficial attributes like age, skin color, gender, or sexual orientation ought not to be part of the requirements because any person can qualify to do the job. After hiring, I will require that the supervisor gives the reasons why whoever gets the job got it as well as why each of the other unsuccessful applicants failed to get the job (Pozgar, 2009). All the reasons must never have any element of discrimination as the basis of decisions made. Termination and Retaliation It is the right of an employer to fire staff when one so requires. However, it is illegal if such actions are based on reasons that are illegitimate (Dinterman, 2003). For instance, it is wrong for Brad’s supervisor to sack him based on his complaints about something. It is legal for employees to complain to their employers about the issues that concern them. Retaliation is not allowed and constitutes discrimination. Therefore, Brad ought to be helped to understand that a supervisor cannot retaliate against him for making official complaints. Neither can he be terminated on such a basis. Retaliation is an offence that is usually treated as an act of discrimination because retaliating is essentially acting against someone based on personal reasons as opposed to legitimate issues affecting the organization. Acts of retaliation usually overrule any other issues that the employer might have done to justify any disciplinary measures by the employer (Deckop, 2006). For instance, even if what Brad heard was baseless and only rumors, any retaliation by his supervisor upon his reporting or complaining will overrule any of his faults. Finally, Brad ought to rest assured that the law of employment protects everyone – the employer as well as the employee (Guerin, 2009). In this respect, he ought to understand that a unilateral decision by his supervisor cannot be effected without the involvement of the human resource manager and other relevant management staff.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Geological Significance of Dolyhir and Nash Scar Limestone

Geological Significance of Dolyhir and Nash Scar Limestone The geological significance of the Dolyhir and Nash Scar limestone (Silurian) of the Welsh Borderland Introduction and History Ther regions of Old Radnor and Presteigne (Fig. 1), found on the outskirts of Hertfordshire and Powys, are home to two small inliers containing a mammoth unit of limestones of the early Silurian age, thick and distinctive in their form. In the Nash Inlier in the north-east, an eminent ridged is formed by the limestones which was once host to the quarry of Nash Scar, but is now abandoned. The Old Radnor Inlier in the south-west however, is still a part of a large network of working quarries at Dolyhir. It was in the first half of the nineteenth century that these limestones were first geologically described by Sir Roderick Murchison, who visited the area of Nash Scar as part of his investigations that led to his magnum opus, the Silurian System (Murchison 1893). Sir Murchison stratified these deposits to be Wenlockian and concluded them to be equivalent to Woolhope limestone (Murchison 1854), although he first labelled them as ‘identical in position and organic remains’ t o the newer limestones of Wenlock Edge ((Murchison 1839, p. 313). Davis (1850) in a short paper established the link between the limestone and the underlying deposits at Nash Scar and added a faunal investigation to the study of the area. These studies laid the groundwork, but unfortunately, the Silurian of the area received little attention for almost a century except for Calloway’s brief commentary on the ‘Woolhope Limestone’ of Old Randor during his investigative study on the underlying Precambrian. The credit of the most detailed description on the limestones and the Silurian geology in both areas still goes to Garwood and Goodyear (1919) with their geological map of the Old Radnor Inlier. Also, they presented a view of limestone opposite Murchison’s and claimed it to be equivalent to the limestone at Woolhope, though thermally metamorphosed. They authors were of the view that the limestone deposits were instead a representation of an algae reef. The region continues to be of interest and many works have been published based on the Silurian faunas in Nash and Dolyhir, the consequential biostratigraphic study of limestones themselves, and the overlying and underlying deposits to decipher the exact age age (Kirk 1951, Ziegler et al. 1968, Bassett 1974a, 1974b, Hurst 1975, Hurst et al. 1978, Aldridge et al. 1981), although no major study has been carried out following Garwood and Goodyear (1919). Woodcock (1988) addressed the impact of tectonic activity on the limestone in the Old Radnor Inlier and provided a map of the region. Moreover, other works on the topic include a brief revision of the description on the individual localities (Woodcock 1993, Siveter et al. 1989, Siveter 2000), and a detailed review of the local stratigraphy (Cocks et al. 1971, 1992). It was Bassett (1977) who coined a formal stratigraphic term for the Nash Scar Limestone Formation, Dolyhir and limestones. Global and Regional Palaeogeography Earlier during the Wenlock times, the region of Old Radnor Presteigne was buried in a mid-outer position below the warm and shallow continental sea on the eastern border of the Welsh Basin (Fig 2a). The Midland Platform, a topographic high, lies to the east. Although mostly submerged at this time, the platform probably covers much of present day Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire with a large low-lying island. On the south-west lay an even larger landmass, Pretannia, whose northern coastline falls in the present day region of South Wales. The north-eastern border falls in the region of the Mendip Hills, and was home to active volcanoes. The north-western part of the Welsh Basin connected with the Iapetus Ocean, the western side of the Welsh Basin was met by the Irsish Sea Landmass, another topographical high, while towards the north, it was open. This composition has remained unchanged for more than 100 million years. The present day England and Wales formed a part of the microcontinent of Eatsern Avalonia, had drifted away towards the north since Ordovician times as the Iapetus Ocean narrowed and closed REASON (see Pickering et al. 1988, Pickering Smith 1995). Towards the Wenlock times, a series of drastic changes began that over the course of a few million years altered the geography of the region beyond any resemblance to the initial structure. Firstly, the ocean was almost entirely replaced, Eastern Avalonia which had already collided with Baltica during the late Ordovician period (Cocks Fortey 1998), began colliding with Laurentia, the continent which had on the north-western side of the Ipateus, had divided the equator. Recorded as the Caledonian Orogeny in the British geological record, these movements welded together the Eastern Avalonia and Baltica to the border of Laurentia. In the following Wenlock period however, the Welsh Basin maintained its marine form as well as its connections w ith presumably the remnants of the Iapetus Ocean in the north and Rheic Ocean that had emerged in the south. It is agreed that the Welsh Basin possessed a tropical or subtropical position in the Southern Hemisphere during this time, however, there is contradiction over its exact latitude when the Nash Scar and Dolyhir reefs began forming (estimates vary from around 20 to 40 degrees south, see e.g. Scotese McKerrow 1990, Torsvik et al. 1990). Sedimentology and Fauna Currently, the outcrop of the Nash Scar Limestone formation can only be witnessed at the Nash Scar quarry and around Dolyhir where the workings are extensively active. Dolyhir consists of the ‘Dolyhir Quarry’ (Garwood Goodyear 1919) and ‘Strinds Quarry’ as well as their subsidiary quarries C and D and the huge area of Yat Wood and its subsidiary quarries E, F and G (Garwood Goodyear, 1919) in the north. The older southern region and Yat Wood area are now popular as the ‘Strinds Quarry’ and ‘Dolyhir Quarry’ respectively (Fig. 3b). The limestone formation of the Nash Scar and Dolyhir can be described as a pure carbonate formation with over 99% of CaCO3 according to Garwood Goodyear (1919), highly crystalline, with its colour ranging between bluish-grey and white. The limestone is poorly to massively bedded. The thickness is difficult to assess accurately as a result of extensive faulting but it is agreed that it has a minimum thickness of 24m and a thickness of up to 60m at Nash Scar (Bassett 1974a). In some places at the Dolyhir and Strind quarries, the basal part of the limestone consists of a basal rudite which is up to 2m thick The rudite contains apart from the rounded quartz pebbles, angular mudstone and standstone clasts. These casts are as big as 10 cm in diameter are derived from the local Precambrian basement, mixed with in-situ colonies of the tabulate coral Favosites. In spite of the difficulties that arise in collecting the fossils as a result of the crystalline formation and massiveness of the li mestone, an abundant and diverse fauna has been observed. Calcareous algae in the form of oncolites dominate the fauna (Johnson 1966). These have a diameter of up to 20cm and include Girvanella problematica, Girvanella pusilla, Rothpletzella gotlandica, and Solenopora gracilis. These porcellaneous algal structures appear in a striking contrast with the coarse and crystalline limestone. The faunal list of seventy species by Garwood and Goodyear (1919), also names bivalves, brachiopods, bryozoans, cephalopods, corals, crinoids, trilobites and gastropods as being present in the limestone formation. The brachiopods present (Bassett 1974a, 1974b, 1977) include Antirhynchonella linguifera, Megastrophia (Protomegastrophia) quetra, Leptaena oligistis, Streptis grayii, and species of Whitfieldella and Plectatrypa. The trilobites (Thomas 1981) include Cornuproetus peraticus, Dudleyaspis portlockii, Planiscutellum kitharos and Radnoria syrphetodes. The conodonts which are observed to be in abu ndance include Dapsilodus obliquicostatus, Ozarkodina sagitta rhenana, Decoriconus fragilis and Ozarkodina excavate. An acritarch assemblage also thrives in the limestone formation although in low diversity with Micrhystridium Veryhachium, and Diexallophasis(thin-walled forms) dominating the species. The formation’s lower part has within itself, a tectonized and hence discontinuous shale horizon. The shale is abundant in crinoid debris and consists of greenish carbonate concretions nucleated around crinoid stems and brachiopods (Garwood Goodyear 1919) which gives it its nodular form. The fauna here differs from the limestone somewhat in its detail. The species of Trilobites present in the lower part consist of Cyphoproetus depressus and species of Kosovopeltis and Scotoharpes, together with Tapinocalymene volsoriforma (Thomas 1978, Siveter 1980). In the north-east side of the Nash Scar Quarry, the hardground encrusted surface of the top of the limestone, with crinoids holdfasts is exposed. Geological Setting and Stratigraphy Fig. 4. summarizes the stratigraphy of the Nash Scar and Dolyhir Limestone Formation, and the deposits vertically adjacent to them. A combination of the fine clastic Yat Wood and the dominantly sandy Strinds Formation shapes the Precambrian basement in the Old Radnor Inlier, where the formation lies uncomformably. In the Precambrian Longmyndian rocks of the Church Stretton area (Calloway 1900, Woodcock 1988, Woodcock Pauley 1989), analogues of these lithologies can be found. However, at Nash Scar, the Folly Sandstone Formation (dated from late Aeronian to early Telychian), is overlaid by the limestone disconformably (Ziegler et al. 1968). Although the base of this sandstone cannot be seen, a 30m thickness is suggested by Cocks et al. (1992). Shales of the Coalbrookdale Formation overlay the reefal limestones of both localities (Siveter et al. 1989). Normally the contact is faulted or concealed but at Nash Scar it can be seen above the hardground. The graptolite faunas present at the site suggest basal shales lie within the C. lundgreni Biozone, of earliest Homerian age (Hurst et al. 1978). The outcrops of the Coalbrookdale Formation with a faulted contact with limestone also gives rise to the view that some of the shales may be of the Sheinwoodian age (Bassett 1974a, Kirk 1951, see also Siveter et al. 1989, fig. 5). Above the stratigraphic contact, the shales present are marked by an encrusted hardground at the top of the limestone which is perhaps derived from the crinoid debris present in the shales in abundance (Hurst et al. 1978). This also suggests that it is the original post-hardground sediment that has developed into lundgreni Biozone shales. It can therefore be concluded to some degree of effectiveness, that the Coalbrookdale Formation in the inliers has a diachronous base, and dating from the upper Sheinwoodian age. Contemporaneous The study of trilobites, brachiopods (Bassett 1974a) and conodonts (Aldridge Schà ¶nlaub 1989, Jeppsson et al. 1995) and the palaeontological dating of the limestones based on their study suggests that the limestones belong to the early Sheinwoodian age, occurring at the same time as Woolhope Limestone Formation, and spanning the centrifugus, murchisoni and riccartonensis graptolite biozones (Fig. 4). It has also been suggested by Hurst et al. (1978) that at Nash Scar, the hardground found at the top of the limestone might be representative of the rigidus to ellesae biozones of the upper Sheinwoodian. According to Kirk (1951), at either or both localities the base of the limestone might extend below the Wenlock however, this supposition is not based on any palaeontological evidence (although see Bassett 1974a, p. 759). In the uppermost Llandovery, any evidence for a depositional gap is supplied by the weak angular unconformity with the underlying Folly Sandstone Formation found at the Nash Inleir (Ziegler et al. 1968). It can thus be concluded that the limestone may have been deposited 428 to 426 million years earlier (Fig. 4). Described by both Davis (1850) and Garwood and Goodyear (1919), the limestone facies and their lateral extent is uncertain and is hampered greatly by outcrops at ‘the Sandbanks’, the region between Presteigne and Nash Scar. Within the shales, a band of non-reefal and stratified limestone, as thin as 2-3m, was exposed only ‘a mile †¦ from the typical reef-development at Nash Scar’ (Garwood Goodyear 1919, p. 21). The Welsh Borderland Fault System is straddled at its easternmost element, the Church Stretton Fault Zone, by the Nash inlier and the Old Radnor inlier. The early Palaeozoic is marked by a transition between the high midland Platform and low Welsh Basin regions by this system which has a long geographical history (see Woodcock Gibbons 1988, Woodcock 1988). The process of folding and faulting has tectonically disturbed the limestone formations at Nash Scar and Dolyhir as a result of the closeness of this major line of structural weakness. Towards the north and north-east, major faults dissect the Old Radnor Inlier, while towards the west-north-west, it dips steeply and is marked by many minor faults. A sinistral strike-slip movement marked the structures in post-Wenlock times. The action is most seemingly related to the late Early to early Mid-Devonian Acadian event (Woodcock 1988), the most indispensable phase in the buildup of the Avalonia with the Laurentian continent during the C aledonian Orogeny.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Background Info on My Forbidden Face :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live as an Afghan girl under the rule of the Taliban? This question is answered in the book My Forbidden Face. Latifa, a young Afghan girl, discusses her struggles throughout the book. Latifa faces several different problems while being under the rule of the Taliban. She handles these problems with the best of her ability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, Latifa had to deal with the struggles her mom was facing. Latifa’s mother was very ill so she dealt with the situation by trying to help her mother out in every way possible. Latifa was always there to comfort her mom. Latifa’s mother was also struggling with not being able to work. Because women weren’t allowed to do anything in the Afghan society, Latifa opened a school for the apartment children. Latifa’s mother managed to help out by cooking, which she considered a form of work. She watched her children be mistreated throughout the Taliban rule. Latifa had all intentions of receiving an education but she couldn’t go to school due to the laws of the Taliban. Latifa’s mother saw strong ambitions in her daughter so she encouraged her to believe in herself and always do her best. Latifa managed to deal with her mom’s struggles very well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, Latifa had to deal with the way women were treated in the Afghan society. Women weren’t allowed to go outside of their homes without the company of their father or brother. Latifa managed to deal with this by staying inside. She knew she wouldn’t have to deal with the Taliban if she avoided them. Latifa also couldn’t stand the fact that women couldn’t hold jobs. She opened up a school for the children of her apartment complex knowing there would be harsh consequences if caught. She also had to deal with knowing her mother and sister had to give their jobs up. Women were also required to dress in certain clothing. Latifa claimed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   she couldn’t walk in the long skirts and couldn’t breathe under the facial clothing. Latifa liked to wear nail polish and earrings but this privilege was taken away when the Taliban came into power. Women were treated very badly under the Taliban rule, but Latifa found ways to deal with it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thirdly, Latifa had to deal with her own illness of depression and learned to deal with this by reading.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Preparing for Success Essay

Education is the basis of creating a life full of wealth and contentment. Obtaining a high school education can help one succeed in his or her future and give one the opportunities to pursue his or her aspirations. Unfortunately many students lack the education, resources and knowledge to enter adulthood after graduating high school. They are not sufficiently prepared to enter into the work force, succeed at a university, or have any understanding on how to be an ethical citizen. Students should be given the chance to develop a strong work ethic, be given the opportunity to explore different careers and college options, acquire skills that will help them in college and obtain an understanding of how their government works before graduating high school. A strong work ethic is obtained by developing a sense of independence and becoming dependable. Every year, if students’ reliance on teachers was decreased, they would be forced to rely on themselves to remember when coursework i s due. During my senior year at the high school I attended, El Molino High School in Forestville California, students in my English class were given a syllabus with an outline of the course and dates when homework was due. The teacher did not remind us when assignments were due, and we had to remember when work was due. In college, a student has to rely on himself or herself to take notes, remember when homework is due, and study on his or her own for exams. Therefore academic skills learned in high school should be similar to the skills required in a college classroom and those that people can use in their adult lives. Students graduating from high school should†¦be able to read with understanding classic literature and write well-organized and grammatically sound essays; they should know the basic outlines of American and European history, have a good beginner’s grasp of at least two natural sciences as well as pre-calculus mathematics (Gutting). Having these basic skills and learning to become self-sufficient would make the transition from high school to career less stressful for those who decide not to attend college. Being independent and learning to rely on oneself will help one become more  dependable, and in turn, a better employee. To strengthen a student’s work ethic, high schools should require students to rely more on themselves, which would help students become more independent. Students will not know what career they want to pursue once they graduate high school if they are never given the opportunity to investigate and experience different occupations. For students who have decided not to attend college, high school should be the institution where different careers can be explored. High schools should have the responsibility of helping students find internships or job shadowing opportunities specific to careers students are interested in. At El Molino High School a career based project, during our senior year, was given so students had the opportunity to research the occupation they are interested in. They were then required to find an internship or a volunteer opportunity related to the career topic they had selected. Students could then find out what they liked and didn’t like about the career through first-hand experience and have more insight into whether or not they wanted to pursue that career after graduation. For my project, I chose to volunteer at a convalescent center to gain experience in the nursing field. After the project was over, I knew nursing was the right career for me, and decided to pursue a degree in the health care industry. But if a career based learning project is not required, counselors should help students find internships, attend job fairs, and find classes that would be beneficial to the career a student wants to pursue. High school should be a place where students are given adequate preparation for the work world, whether they are attending college or not. In high school, many students have no idea which college they should attend. Counselors should take the time to discuss with each student his or her plans for after graduation. The counselor and the student should then construct a list of universities that have programs corresponding with the degree the student wants to pursue. At the end of my junior year at El Molino High School, I met with my counselor and we created a list of ten colleges that had respectable nursing programs. Making the list helped me to narrow down my search and choose a college, but many students at my high school did not take advantage of the opportunity to meet with their counselor because the information about meeting was not broadcasted well.  Meeting with a counselor when going through the college process is incredibly helpful. If more students made the effort to receive help from high school counselors and counselors made a better effort to reach out to all students when exploring college options, they would have an easier time choosing a university. High school should thoroughly prepare students who are planning to seek a higher education after graduation. Academic skills learned in high school should be similar to the skills required in a college classroom. Developing adequate study habits is key to success in college. Studying for a couple hours every day, whether or not there is homework, should be second nature to a student when he enters college. Attaining proper note taking skills in high school and figuring out a format that best helps one study is a critical aspect to receiving good test grades. Some students do not have a chance to learn how to take usable notes. At Analy High School, which is a high school near El Molino, students were never taught how to take usable notes which made it more difficult for them to study for tests due to poor organization of the notes they did take. I taught one my friends from Analy the note taking styles I had learned. After he mastered the different styles and started taking organized and usable notes his grades improved. A specific section in freshman English should teach students the different note taking styles. In my sophomore English class we were introduced to different not taking styles including the Cornell method, which I found was a very useful way to study for tests. Another element that should be incorporated into high school curriculum is different essay and paper formats. Many high schools only teach the MLA paper format, and do not cover APA, which is the format many college students are required to use for their papers. If core classes taught techniques that students could utilize in college, the transition between institutions would be less difficult. After graduating high school, students should have a general understanding of how their government works in order to become competent citizens. According to Theodore Sizer â€Å"knowledge of the government to the extent the child will be equipped to make informed choices among persons and issues that affect his own governance† (119), is one of the general elements of an efficient education system. To make decisions when voting that will benefit oneself, he or she needs to be informed on all the candidates and propositions. When I was in Advanced Placement  Government, my class spent a significant amount of the first semester researching candidates and understanding the propositions for the 2012 election. Though few people were eighteen and had the ability to vote, reviewing the information in the voting packet helped us understand how the voting process works, and how to read the propositions thoroughly so we when we did vote, we could understand exactly what we would be voting for. All high schools should offer a course that helps students understand the voting process and sufficient information about the American government should be provided to all students before they have the capability to vote. High schools should be able to sufficiently prepare students for their lives after graduation by giving them tools to develop a strong work ethic, explore colleges and careers, and understand how the government works. If students were given these opportunities for improvement in high school, the transition into an adult life would be easier. Works Cited Gutting, Gary. â€Å"What Is College For? (Part 2).† The New York Times: The Opinion Pages. 11 Jan. 2012. 17 Nov. 2013. Sizer, Theodore. â€Å"What High School Is.† Reading Culture. White Plains, NY: Longman, 2011. 119.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level

Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level Introduction It is no doubt that terrorism impacts are harsh and among the worst evils perpetrated by humans against fellow mankind. The 9/11 bombings and the bombings conducted on the pentagon and the World Trade Centre have left even the most powerful nation; the United States of America, in much fear and with much consideration of what the terrorists might be planning to  execute in the near future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Terrorism has become one among the worst effects of globalization. With ease of movement, every nation ranging from Africa’s Kenya and Uganda to the worlds most powerful, the U.S and Britain which have witnessed the devastating impact of terrorism. The vulnerability has led governments, institutions and individuals at national and local level into preventative measures in case the t errorist attack once again. The preparation is being performed in an effort to reduce the stress and fear of what might happen. Apart from people becoming more cautious of the unexpected, at the local level campaigns and mobilization are being conducted to make people of the sudden terror attacks (Victor, 2006). Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level In an evaluation of the area surrounding Saint Leo, much has been done to prepare the community with skills to prepare them in an event of a terror attack. Many of the initiatives are conducted to educate individuals and their families on how to take precautionary measures (Victor, 2006). Most of the effort is sector based and directed towards the local community. Mutual aid agreements are made within the local unit to strengthen the community response function, as well as work with the federal sates so as to improve the answer on terror attacks. According to several sources, the first step in preparing for the sudden p anic attacks is to solicit information on what actually happens when terror attacks actually repeats itself. History always repeats itself, and there can be no dispute that terrorism attacks in every part of the world are perpetrated by the same individuals, in the same manner with the same motive. With lessons from the past, it is celebrated for every man to prepare themselves with knowledge of what actually happens when the terrorist attack (Sageman, 2000). Learning from areas where terrorist has already struck, people should become knowledgeable. This can be done at an individual level, where a person personally takes the initiative to search for information. This may include special levels where the head of the family or one family member seeks information and uses it to educate others on the best method of responding to fatalities.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re The effect of terrorism is detrimental to an entire body and putting this in mind, it is necessary to have someone who the body can communicate to in times when the disaster strikes (Sageman, 2000; Victor, 2006). The concerned individuals should be perfectly aware of the various ways of accessing the person that will need assistance during the rescue mission. In that essence, the operation group must figure out effective ways of reaching the victims on the ground. A reliable family friend or relative should be chosen so that the person is free and does not disappoint incase of disaster. In so doing, the person should be far aware from the community so that they are not direct victims in case of the terror attacks. On the other hand, they should not be too far so that travelling and communication becomes a problem. When travelling is not a problem, the individual can be consulted to come for the victims in case the terror attacks cause harm to means of transport for the pe rson or their family. Many times, terror attacks occur when family members are not running. It is therefore, crucial locally to equip every single member of the family with telephone contacts of the person who will become the liberation of the family in case of terror attacks. School going children should be given the telephone number of the person, and in every school, there should be a section where parents and guardians can make the emergency number of the person to be contacted incase of terror attacks (Michael, 2006; Sageman, 2000). While mobile phones have become the most appropriate means of communication in the modern society, it is also necessary to rely on emails and other forms of online communication since during attacks, telephone lines and mobile phone networks may become congested. It is necessary to make everyone aware at the local level to be calm in times of attacks because their calls to the person who will appear in their release might not be answered at the firs t instance of calling (Sageman, 2000). After having an official emergency rescue system and open channel of communication, it is acceptable for every person to identify their audience ground with their fellow tribe members or their friends who will assist in the event of a terror attacks. This step is particularly necessary because of the uncertainty that accompanies many terror attacks (Michael, 2006). At such times, people hardly think right and often go round in circles due to the heartache that comes with the monster incidents. Having a preliminary means that includes a meeting place reduces much trouble and helps curb the misery that is likely to be witnessed in case of terror. Also, having a meeting place way in advance helps simplify the process of coming into terms with reality and reducing the time spent in the search for a successful meeting ground. As discussed earlier, relations might become a problem in such a time and trying to discover each other will become more comp licated if there was not any agreed meeting place. While the agreed place might be a hotel, it is also crucial to include a place for pets while coming up with such a plan since many hotels policies bar pets.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Preparing for Incidents of Terrorism at the Local Level specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many terror attacks strike when nobody is expecting them to strike. In light of this, it is crucial for every family to be educated and have hardware that the family can rely upon when the terrorism attack occurs. The number one requirement in such a kit should be medication for any sick family member that relies on them for assistance. For instance, this may include asthmatic children or treatment of diabetic individuals (Arnaud, 2007; Michael, 2006). Secondly, such a kit to rely on incase of failure should include significant essentials for every family member such clothes. In case there is a member of the family with any form of disability, it will be necessary to have all their necessities within the kit. In addition, it is necessary to include necessities for any elderly members or system food for newborn children. Having emergency equipment will make the family members more comfortable and reduce the burden of the attacks. At the local level, such kits should not miss bottled water and food since they are necessities for survival. On the other hand, having a sleeping bag and additional copies of critical certificates for every family member such as copies of the family will, copies of the driving license, life insurance policies, copies of marriage certificates, as well as birth certificates for the children will help provide closure to the package (Allan, 2003). All this can be stored in a family friend’s house inform of a duffel bag. In connection, schools also play a significant role during the planning process against terror attack; hence, they should never be neglected. As a matter of fact, it is necessary for every school to ensure it has an acceptable plan in case of terror attack. In case of such attacks, the school should instruct the children on an evacuation plan. Secondly, there should be an acceptable alignment with parents on how the children are sheltered or picked in case of an emergency. As such, schools should seek to eliminate unnecessary confusion and try to become as prepared as possible. Where parents are not available to pick up their children, the following should adequately inform the parents on what is required for someone else to pick up their child from school (Arnaud, 2007). As discussed earlier, telephone become jammed incase of disaster, and it is noteworthy that the school equips the parent with an email address that is used in cases of emergency rather than relying in the inconvenience and frustrations of jammed telephone lines.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, modern communication technologies mobilization at the local level has become efficient through the use of local radio stations. Local radio stations can be of considerable help in preparing for a terror attacks. The first step in utilizing local radio stations is to assist in case disaster strikes. This is achieved by training every practitioner in the station on how to communicate terror, as well as calm down the affected public. Officials in charge of emergency and disasters such as terrorism attacks and opinion leaders in the community should also be trained on how to address people by utilizing the local radio station. In doing so, it is necessary to know that when utilizing the media, it can be a double edging sword. The words used can either bring hope and calm to the victims of terror or accelerate tension and fear among the local communities. Therefore, the concerned individuals must consider every tone used while addressing issues of terror attacks. In co nnection, the local radio station can be a procedure that will help people assemble into a safe ground and also provide a channel of communication through which various members of the community can access each other. Emergency officials can also utilize the local radio station to direct individuals on the way forward (Arnaud, 2007). There is no better way to prepare individuals within a local community against a foreseen disaster than to train them on how to conduct first aid and evacuation strategies. As a result, the population will be well informed on the methods of assisting the injured before professional assistance can be traced. First aid is an essential tool in saving lives and equipping a proportionate number of the local community with first aid skills can be a key to saving lives (Allan, 2003). The trained individuals should be equally distributed in the region and well reliable to be in the community in case of an emergency. By being distributed in the region, the commun ity ensures that in whichever direction or location, the disaster strikes, there will be individuals well vast with first aid who will come to the rescue of the community. As a matter of fact, reliability assures availability in situations of terror attacks. As witnessed in the 911 attack, terror attacks may be accompanied by massive destruction within the transport and communication network, as well as in the affected building structures (Arnaud, 2007). As a preparatory measure, it is essential that every employer ensure they are well vast with the medical conditions of all their employees. Alongside the medical information, every employer should have sufficient contacts of members so as to allow for an effective communication (Allan, 2003). When terrorism attacks occur, health and medical facilities become jam-packed by the large number of casualties. As such, it is necessary that every health facility become prepared for such disasters; hence, ensure that they are well equipped t o handle the situation. In addition, it is necessary to equip the facilities with practitioners who will attend to the mental condition of victims, which comes as a result of trauma among some of the victims. Consequently, it will be an added advantage to have adequate personnel and bed spaces, which will ensure that there will be minimal overcrowding within such medical facilities. In the long run, all the injured persons will receive adequate treatment and be discharged in a timely manner. On several occasions, the media is perceived to have a harmful weight on the health and well being of the affected parties. This happens when media group tend to pressure already traumatized individuals into giving information about the occurrences and their experience. Therefore, it would be beneficial to try and control the media in future attacks so as to allow quick recovery among the victims of attack (Allan, 2003). While trying to establish the cause of attack, the media will go as far as intruding into the lives of the victims so as to get substantial evidence that will support their writing. As such, it will be beneficial to train the media practitioners on how to interview victims on an attack without causing further trauma. Summary of Findings Considering the legal implications of terror attacks, there will be heavy enforcement of laws at local, national and international level. At the local level, roads may be temporary blocked, and vehicles may be thoroughly scanned. It is necessary to educate legal officers to deal with the crisis appropriately while ensuring that perpetrators do not escape at close distance unnoticed. Though there are rare cases of people getting infected in the course of conducting rescue, it is necessary to educate everyone appropriately. As a first step, people should be trained to avoid direct contact with blood especially on exposed parts of their bodies and there should be readily available gloves to people conducting first aid and resc ue missions. As much as possible, children should be protected from witnessing the terror impacts as well as from watching any unedited information. Parents should be well informed in advance in order to expose children to only information that will not have a negative impact of their mental health. Another crucial way in which people can prepare for terror activities is by being keen of their surrounding and any unusual occurrence (Allan, 2003). Though terror activities strike when the victims least expects, the best way to prepare for the unusual is being aware of the usual environment. Despite, terror activities happen in unusual manners. People should be keen with their environment so that in case of any alterations within the environment, they can easily notice and report to the authority. For instance, when a person is keen with the speed limit within the locality, they can detect a vehicle that is intended to conduct some illegal business. As such, individuals must strive to be careful with strangers; hence, refrain from receiving unnecessary packages from them. Conclusions In conclusion, preparing for terrorism attacks is never an easy task for any individual or local community. At times, the community can be called to take precautionary measures like any other disaster despite the fact that terrorism is a more complex act than many other known attacks. Individuals need to be on the lookout at every single minute of their lives because it can never be easy to predict when terror attacks. As established, it is remarkably important to plan against terror attack since this will minimize the risk of the vice occurring, or limit the effect that such a disaster can cause on the local population. References Allan, M. (2003). Why Terrorism Works: Understanding The Threat Responding To The  Challenge. Yale: Yale University Press. Arnaud, G. (2007).The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. California: University of California. Michael, P. (2006). T he Terrorist Identity: Explaining the Terrorist Threat. New York, NY: New York University Press. Sageman, M. (2000). Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty First Century.  London: University of Pennsylvania Press. Victor, E. (2006). Preparing the US Army for Homeland Security: Concept and Issues. New York, NY: Rand Corporation.